Subjects of baptism

Credobaptist

Passages cited for believer’s baptism

Mk 16:16; Ac 2:37–38, 41; 8:12–13, Ac 8:37 KJV (but see ESV translators’ note); Ac 10:44–48; 16:14–15, 31–34

Pedobaptist

Passages cited for infant baptism

Ge 17:7; Ac 2:38–39; Ro 4:11–12; 1Co 7:14; Gal 3:9, 14; Col 2:11–12

Whole household circumcised, including infants

Gen 17:12, 23 (cf. Ex 12:43–48)

Whole household baptized

Ac 10:24, 44, 47–48; 16:14–15, 31–34; 18:8; 1Co 1:16

Household head has representative role

Ge 14:14-16; 17:23; Ex 12:3-4; Jn 4:53; Ac 10:2; Eph 5:25–27; Tit 1:11; Heb 11:7

Infants were included in old covenant

Dt 29:10–13; Jos 8:35; 2Ch 20:13; Joel 2:16

Children/offspring included in virtually every mention of new covenant

Dt 30:6; Ps 105:7–10; Isa 44:3; 54:13; 59:20–21; 61:8–9; 65:22–23; Jer 30:10, 18–22; 31:1, 17, 33–37; 32:15–18, 37–40; 33:22–26; Joel 2:1–29; Zec 10:6–9; Mal 4:5–6; Lk 1:17; 2:49–50; Ac 2:39; 3:25; 13:32–33; Ro 4:13–17

Children are included in the church

Mt 19:14 (cf. Mk 10:14; Lk 18:16); Ac 2:39; 1Co 7:14; Eph 6:1–4 (cf. Eph 1:1); Col 3:20 (cf. Col 1:2)

Some church members are unregenerate (i.e. new covenant community is “mixed”)

Mt 3:10 (cf. Lk 3:9); Mt 7:21; 13:24–30; 22:14; Jn 15:1–6; Ac 20:30; Ro 11:19–22; 1Co 11:18–19; 1Ti 4:1; Heb 6:4–8; 10:26–30; 2Pe 2:1; 1Jn 2:19; Jude 1:4 — see also Ro 9:6; 11:7

Antipedobaptist

Most household baptism accounts imply that each in household professed faith

Jn 4:53; Ac 10:24, 44; 16:32, 34; 18:8 (cf. 1Co 1:14); 1Co 16:15 (cf. 1Co 1:16)

All recipients of baptism have put on Christ

Ro 6:3; Gal 3:27; 1Pe 3:21

Being sealed (i.e. baptized) logically follows faith

Eph 1:13–14; 2Co 1:19–22

New covenant belongs to children of promise, not of flesh

Jn 1:13; Ac 2:39; Ro 9:7–8; Gal 3:7

Old covenant was primarily outward, physical; new covenant is primarily inward, spiritual

Jn 4:10–14; 6:48–51; Ro 4:11–12; Gal 3:29; Heb 11:16; 1Pe 2:5

New covenant signified new way of defining God’s people, beginning with John’s baptism

Mt 3:6–10; Ac 1:21–22; 10:34–37